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1 evolutionary adaptation
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > evolutionary adaptation
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2 evolutionary adaptation
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3 evolutionary adaptation
Биология: эволюционное приспособлениеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > evolutionary adaptation
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4 evolutionary adaptation
English-russian biological dictionary > evolutionary adaptation
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5 evolutionary adaptation
Адаптация эволюционная — приспособление к систематическим, постепенно протекающим в одном направлении изменениям условий среды. А.э. выражается в изменениях генотипа организма и генотипической структуры популяции, которые происходят в ходе эволюции под действием отбора. Эти изменения необходимы тогда, когда преобладающие условия среды соответствуют потребностям данного организма и он может сохраниться в этих условиях (см. Адаптация).Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов > evolutionary adaptation
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6 adaptation
adaptation адаптация, приспособлениеadaptation адаптация; приспособление организма (или его органов, тканей, клеток) к окружающей средеaltitude adaptation высотная адаптацияaltruistic adaptation альтруистическая адаптация (выживание группы особей ценою жизни отдельной особи)background adaptation адаптация к фонуchromatic adaptation хроматическая адаптацияcomplementary adaptation дополнительная адаптацияconvergent adaptation конвергентная адаптацияcultural adaptation приспособление к условиям разведения в культуреdevelopmental adaptation приспособление в процессе развитияdivergent adaptation дивергентная адаптацияecobiotic adaptation экобиотическое приспособлениеecoclimatic adaptation экоклиматическое приспособлениеecotopic adaptation экотопическое приспособлениеenzymatic adaptation энзиматическая адаптацияenzym(at) ic adaptation ферментная адаптацияevolutionary adaptation эволюционное приспособлениеfunctional adaptation функциональная адаптацияlight adaptation световая адаптацияlong-range adaptation широкая адаптация, разносторонняя адаптацияmorphological adaptation морфологическое приспособлениеmutual adaptation взаимная адаптация, обоюдная адаптацияosmotic adaptation осмотическая адаптацияpassive adaptation пассивное приспособлениеphysiologic adaptation физиологическое приспособлениеprospective adaptation проспективное приспособление, преадаптацияprotective adaptation защитное приспособлениеsimultaneous adaptation одновременная адаптацияstructural adaptation морфологическое приспособлениеthreshold adaptation пороговая адаптацияEnglish-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > adaptation
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7 adaptation
адаптация, приспособление- altruistic adaptation
- background adaptation
- chromatic adaptation
- complementary adaptation
- convergent adaptation
- cultural adaptation
- dark adaptation
- developmental adaptation
- divergent adaptation
- ecobiotic adaptation
- ecoclimatic adaptation
- ecotopic adaptation
- enzymatic adaptation
- enzymic adaptation
- epigenetic adaptation
- evolutionary adaptation
- functional adaptation
- light adaptation
- long-range adaptation
- mutual adaptation
- prospective adaptation
- protective adaptation
- sensory adaptation
- simultaneous adaptation
- threshold adaptation
- visual adaptation -
8 evolutionary
1. a эволюционный; относящийся к развитию2. a эволюционный, относящийся к эволюционизму, к дарвинизму -
9 evolutionary
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10 light adaptation
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11 ecobiotic adaptation
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > ecobiotic adaptation
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12 passive adaptation
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > passive adaptation
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13 prospective adaptation
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > prospective adaptation
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14 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
См. также в других словарях:
evolutionary adaptation — evoliucinis prisitaikymas statusas T sritis augalininkystė apibrėžtis Prisitaikymas prie sisteminio pastovaus vienos krypties aplinkos kitimo. atitikmenys: angl. evolutionary adaptation rus. эволюционная адаптация ryšiai: sinonimas – evoliucinė… … Žemės ūkio augalų selekcijos ir sėklininkystės terminų žodynas
Evolutionary psychology — (EP) attempts to explain mental and psychological traits such as memory, perception, or language as adaptations, that is, as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms,… … Wikipedia
Adaptation — This article is about the evolutionary process. For other uses, see Adaptation (disambiguation). Part of a series on Evolutionary Biology … Wikipedia
Evolutionary musicology — Not to be confused with Evolutionary music. Evolutionary musicology is a subfield of biomusicology that grounds the psychological mechanisms of music perception and production in evolutionary theory. It covers vocal communication in non human… … Wikipedia
Evolutionary physiology — is the study of physiological evolution, which is to say, the manner in which the functional characteristics of individuals in a population of organisms have responded to selection across multiple generations during the history of the… … Wikipedia
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Evolutionary ethics — concerns approaches to ethics (morality) based on the role of evolution in shaping human psychology and behavior. Such approaches may be based in scientific fields such as evolutionary psychology or sociobiology, with a focus on understanding and … Wikipedia
Evolutionary developmental psychology — Evolutionary developmental psychology, (or EDP), is the application of the basic principles of Darwinian evolution, particularly natural selection, to explain contemporary human development. It involves the study of the genetic and environmental… … Wikipedia
Evolutionary educational psychology — is the study of the relation between inherent folk knowledge and abilities and accompanying inferential and attributional biases as these influence academic learning in evolutionarily novel cultural contexts, such as schools and the industrial… … Wikipedia
Evolutionary epistemology — refers to two distinct topics: it is a subfield of naturalized epistemology as well as a theory in epistemology about the growth of knowledge. A branch of naturalized epistemology Evolutionary epistemology is a branch of epistemology that applies … Wikipedia
Evolutionary invasion analysis — Evolutionary invasion analysis, also known as adaptive dynamics, is a set of techniques for studying long term phenotypical evolution developed during the 1990s. It incorporates the concept of frequency dependence from game theory but allows for… … Wikipedia
